![]() ![]() Prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis. Simon, V., Czobor, P., Balint, S., Meszaros, A. Age-dependent decline of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: impact of remission definition and symptom type. ![]() This meta-analysis provides a clear estimate of the persistence of ADHD from childhood to adulthood and highlights that, although the majority of ADHD cases detected in childhood do not fulfil the entire diagnostic criteria in adulthood, persistence of impairing systems is common.īiederman, J., Mick, E. The age dependent decline of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis of follow-up studies. ![]() Evaluating the evidence for and against the overdiagnosis of ADHD. Epidemiological modelling of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thomas, R., Sanders, S., Doust, J., Beller, E. ADHD prevalence estimates across three decades: an updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis. This meta-analysis provides both a comprehensive estimate of the prevalence of ADHD in youths and the reasons for its variability worldwide. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. The earliest reference to ADHD in the medical literature? Melchior Adam Weikard's description in 1775 of “attention deficit” (Mangel der Aufmerksamkeit, Attentio Volubilis). For an illustrated summary of this Primer, visit: īarkley, R. Ongoing clinical and neurobiological research holds the promise of advancing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to ADHD. For example, medications are efficacious and normally well tolerated, and various non-pharmacological approaches are also valuable. Although there are no curative treatments for ADHD, evidenced-based treatments can markedly reduce its symptoms and associated impairments. The expression of symptoms varies as a function of patient developmental stage and social and academic contexts. Rating scales and clinical interviews facilitate diagnosis and aid screening. The diagnosis of ADHD is reliable and valid when evaluated with standard criteria for psychiatric disorders. The multifactorial causation of ADHD is consistent with the heterogeneity of the disorder, which is shown by its extensive psychiatric co-morbidity, its multiple domains of neurocognitive impairment and the wide range of structural and functional brain anomalies associated with it. In most cases ADHD arises from several genetic and environmental risk factors that each have a small individual effect and act together to increase susceptibility. No single risk factor is necessary or sufficient to cause ADHD. Throughout an individual's lifetime, ADHD can increase the risk of other psychiatric disorders, educational and occupational failure, accidents, criminality, social disability and addictions. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a persistent neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 5% of children and adolescents and 2.5% of adults worldwide. ![]()
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